All
things rely on it for existence,
And never does it turn away
from them.[2]
When it accomplishes its work,
It does not claim credit for
itself.[3]
It preserves and nourishes all
things,
But it does not claim to be
master over them.[4]
Thus it may be called the minute.[5]
All things come to it as to
their home, Yet it does not
act as their master. Hence it
may be called the great.[6]
This is always the case with
the sage
Who is able to achieve his greatness
Just because he himself never
strives to be great.
Annotations:
[1] The original line reads
da dao si xi. The word si
used to represent one of the
water systems called Si Shui
in ancient China which were
located in present-day Henan
Province. It is utilized in
this context to mean the flowing
of a river with rich water
resources. This implies that
the Dao goes everywhere and
exists in everything.
[2], [3] and [4] These features
represent the nature of the
Dao, which works so naturally
without any purpose.
[5] and [6] See the discussion
of da (great) and xiao (minute)
in the foregoing chapter.
Commentary:
This chapter exposes the function
of the Dao related to the
development of all things.
The function as such lies
in "following spontaneity"
and features a kind of selflessness.
According to Lao Zi, the Dao
is the mother or creator of
all things in the world. However,
what it does is help them
grow and become what they
are, never claiming the accomplishments
for itself and never attempting
to dominate anything at all.
Therefore the Dao appears
as a generous giver or nurturer
in respect of all its surroundings.
The sage lauded above is always
the Daoist type. He follows
the Dao as the ultimate example
and approaches it through
his action upon it. The reason
why he is "able to achieve
his greatness" can be
multi-fold. Since "he
never strives himself to be
great," he makes no distinction
between "the great"
(da) and "the minute"
(xiao). Since he makes no
distinction between "the
great" and "the
minute," he acts without
any preference or calculation
in favor of this or that.
This approach is in the long
run positive in the accumulation
of achievements on the one
hand, and on the other, it
serves to free him from being
a "tall poppy" that
is liable to be cut down in
a competitive world.
4.4 (Chapter 39)
Of those in the past that
obtained the One: [1]
Heaven obtained the One and
became clear;
The earth obtained the One
and became tranquil;
The Gods obtained the One
and became divine;
The Valleys obtained the One
and became full;
All things obtained the One,
and became alive and kept
growing;
Kings and lords obtained the
One and the world became peaceful.
Taking this to its logical
conclusion we may say:
If Heaven had not thus become
clear, It would soon have
cracked;
If the earth had not thus
become tranquil, It would
soon have broken apart;
If the Gods had not thus become
divine, They would soon have
perished;
If the valleys had not thus
become full, They would soon
have dried up;
If all things had not thus
become alive and kept growing,
They would soon have become
extinct;
If kings and lords had not
thus become honorable and
noble, They would soon have
toppled and fallen.[2]
(1)(2)(3)(4)