De as the Manifestation of the
Dao
In Lao Zi's mind, both the Dao
and De exist and function everywhere.
Generally speaking, one is invisible
while the other is observable.
The interaction between the
two can be likened to that between
Being-without-form (wu) and
Being-within-form (you). As
a matter of fact, De is seen
as the manifestation or concretization
of the Dao. That is why they
are analogically said to be
the two sides of one coin. The
transformation from the Dao
into De is highly necessary,
for it (the Dao) would be otherwise
a disembodied idea and possibly
lose its existential rationale.
The qualities of De actually
embody the potentiality or potency
of the Dao itself.
6 From the Dao into
De
Both the Dao and De have a variety
of interpretations, which are
presented in pairs. They include,
for example, the Way and its
Power, the Way and its Potency,
the Way and the Walk on the
Way, the all-embracing first
principle for all things and
the principle underlying each
individual thing, the omni-determinant
of all beings and its manifestation,
etc. No matter what they may
be, there is an interaction
between them and a transformation
from one into the other. This
topic is explored with particular
reference to chapters 51 and
38 (DDJ).
6.1 (Chapter
51)
The Dao begets all beings, And
De fosters them.[1]
Substance gives them physical
forms, And the environment completes
them.[2]
Therefore all beings venerate
the Dao and honor De.
As for the veneration of the
Dao and the honoring of De,
It is not out of obedience to
any orders;
It comes spontaneously due to
their naturalness.[3]
Hence the Dao begets all beings,
And De fosters them, rears them
and develops them,
Matures them and makes them
bear fruit,
Protects them and helps them
breed.
To produce them without taking
possession of them,
To raise them without vaunting
this as its own merit,
And to nourish them without
controlling them,
This is called Profound De.[4]
Annotations:
[1] This marks out the respective
sphere of the Dao and De in
view of the origin and becoming
of all things.
[2] "Environment"
is a translation of the Chinese
word shi, and connotes chiefly
living, geographical, regional
and climatic conditions. It
is also interpreted as the natural
force derived from the change
of the seasons (according to
Heshang Gong), the potential
power underlying each individual
thing, or the dynamic state
lying in opposites like Yin
and Yang and their interaction
in all beings.
[3] This implies that everything
develops naturally and becomes
what it is without being imposed
by any external force. The Dao
and De are there to help them
in the way of doing nothing,
or to just let them be what
they can be.
[4] The lines (which start with
"To produce them without
taking possession of them...")
were misplaced in Chapter 10
in some versions of the Dao
De Jing. The original term xuan
de is rendered as "Profound
De" suggesting the depth,
profundity, selflessness and
transcendence of De as such.
It in fact exhibits the function
and potency of the Dao.
Commentary:
Lao Zi maintains consistently
that the Dao is the origin of
all things with regard to their
coming into being and development.
This helps to round out Lao
Zi's notion that the Dao came
into being first of all, and
accordingly features a sharp
contrast with the Christian
culture which is grounded on
the personification of God as
the Creator of the universe.
This chapter reconfirms Lao
Zi's idea that the Dao begets
all beings alike without being
observed since it works in the
way of "taking-no-action."
Then De as its potency and manifestation
Here again
approach of no-action/no-form
can by related with first form
of any Tai Chi Chuan taolu:
"Wuji" which means
literally without form"
or in Dachengquan the "Zhan
Zhuang" post (pile standing),
to seek "concretization
of his "Kongfu"
(1)(2)(3)
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