| Illustrated
                                              Explanation to Chen Family Taijiquan"
                                              (Chen Shi Taijiquan Tu Shuo) written
                                              by Chen Xin (16th generation descendant
                                              of Chen clan) and considered "Bible
                                              of Martial Arts" (Wulin Shengdian),
                                              describes movements which are practiced
                                              within "Small Frame" system.
                                              Chen Xin's own "Introduction"
                                              (Zi Xu) to "Illustrated Explanation"
                                              says: "I am afraid of the passing
                                              of time and impatient to wait anymore;
                                              I'm also afraid that (the martial
                                              art) will divide into schools and
                                              branches and true knowledge will
                                              be lost. For this reason in my leisure
                                              time I do my outmost to explain
                                              and clarify deep secrets (of the
                                              art), describe it in great detail."
 In the whole book there is no mention
                                              about the division of Chen style
                                              Taijiquan into Large Frame and Small
                                              Frame.This proves that the style
                                              recorded in "Illustrated Explanation
                                              to Chen Family Taijiquan" should
                                              be the closest to the original art
                                              created by Chen Wangting.
 
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                                                | In
                                                    spite of her advanced age,
                                                    Chen Liqing still actively
                                                    teaches in Xi'an |  | 
                                        
                                          | 
 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF "SMALL
                                              FRAME" OF CHEN STYLE TAIJIQUAN
 Body
                                              Method (Shen Fa): "The body
                                              should not leap up and sway carelessly,
                                              rather low than high, move on one
                                              level". During practice of
                                              the routines the body should not
                                              move now low now high, and carelessly
                                              sway to the left or right; the Intent
                                              (Yi) should sink down, the center
                                              of gravity should be kept low and
                                              basically on one level (apart from
                                              movements like "Shake Foot
                                              and Stretch Down" - Bai Jiao
                                              Xia Cha; Golden Rooster Stands on
                                              One Leg - Jin Ji Du Li; The Dragon
                                              on the Ground - Pu Di Long, etc.) Hand
                                              Techniques (Shou Fa) - "Both
                                              hands should not (carelessly) turn
                                              over, there should be closing power
                                              between them, Qi penetrates slightly
                                              insides of the fingers; when moving
                                              hands upwards do not cross eyebrows,
                                              move them downwards by relaxing;
                                              (when) turning (i.e. moving the
                                              hands) inwards (i.e. in front of
                                              the body) thumb can go as far as
                                              the central line, when moving (the
                                              hands) outwards do not extend them
                                              too far, sink the tip of the elbow;
                                              do not extend it too far (Tan) do
                                              not keep it too close (Jia), contract
                                              the ribs, the skin on the ribs and
                                              hand should touch each other (Shu
                                              Lei Xiang Mao Fu Xiang Ai)"[2].
                                              Both hands close (He), (i.e. are
                                              turned towards each other), they
                                              should not completely face each
                                              other but rather at a certain angle
                                              - this is called "Four Six,
                                              Yin and Yang"; palm is shaped
                                              like a tile, thumb and little finger
                                              close (He, i.e. move towards each
                                              other), the Intent (Yi) is on the
                                              thumb, forefinger and middle finger;
                                              the center line of the body determines
                                              range of motion for each hand, each
                                              hand controls half of the body;
                                              in its movements upwards the hand
                                              should not go higher than the level
                                              of eyebrows, when moving downwards
                                              one should focus on relaxation;
                                              when the hand moves outwards, do
                                              not extend it too far (Tan); when
                                              the hand returns, do not keep it
                                              too close to the body (Jia), leave
                                              some extra space, follow exactly
                                              the principles. Footwork
                                              (Bu Fa) - "Never place the
                                              feet in the shape of character Ba
                                              (eight - which is similar to roman
                                              letter "V" written upside
                                              down - i.e. with toes pointing obliquely
                                              outwards) and Ding (similar to the
                                              letter "T" i.e. when there
                                              is right angle between both feet),
                                              always remember to close (i.e. move
                                              towards each other) tips of both
                                              feet; more weight of the body is
                                              on inner side of the feet, big and
                                              second toes lead (the foot); twist
                                              on heels, big step is as long as
                                              one leg, short step is as long as
                                              one vertical foot". Because
                                              of the requirement to open hips
                                              and round the crotch, both feet
                                              should be kept parallel to each
                                              other, and never placed with toes
                                              pointing outwards (in the shape
                                              of letters "V" or "T"),
                                              otherwise the hip joint will not
                                              fold and crotch will loose its curve
                                              (and will take shape of "V"
                                              letter - so-called "sharp crotch"
                                              - and hence the requirement of rounding
                                              the crotch will not be met); when
                                              moving from hips down using "contrary
                                              coiling" (Ni Chan), the strength
                                              vector should drop on the inner
                                              side of the foot, onto big and second
                                              toes; when taking a step, one should
                                              not extend it too far (Tan) - one
                                              should be able to take a step and
                                              draw the leg back freely, in big
                                              step the distance between feet should
                                              not be longer than length of the
                                              leg, in small step - not shorter
                                              than length of the foot.
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